取代主義（Supersessionism）或取代神學（Replacement Theology）的缺點是：一、上帝觀不完整；二、對聖經的后設敍述（meta-narrative）不全面；三、過分依賴“應許應驗”的詮釋法；四、不智地取消猶太人與外邦人的分別。因著這些原則，我建議我們謙卑地重新思考以色列和教會在上帝計劃裏的地位，好嗎？
——Dr. Dwight A. Pryor: A Different God?
《各自各的上帝？——再思以色列和教會在上帝計劃裏的地位》，林梓鳳譯。
作者的事工參閲：www.jcstudies.com 。
——关于“文学课堂”的追怀、重构与阐述
复旦光华楼103，18:00
——基于对《大学的使命》和《美国高等教育》的解读
岳跃峰 张慧洁
摘要：对奥尔特加和赫钦斯著作的理解需要突破以往“条块化”的解读方式，尽量忠于原著内容及其论述逻辑。奥尔特加和赫钦斯对大学问题有类似的看法，但对何为大学的使命以及如何达成这种使命的主张有本质不同，前者力图恢复大学的文化活力，通过“文化传授”建立符合时代的“核心思想体系”，后者强调大学的理智特征，希望通过“普通教育”构筑共同的知识基础，重建大学的“理性秩序”。二者的大学思想均带有保守主义的倾向，并体现出一定程度的不确定性和不彻底性；对其比较分析将有助于更加准确把握各自重心及相互差异，同时为今日反思大学使命与大学改革等议题提供有益借鉴。
关键词：奥尔特加；赫钦斯；大学思想
[《现代大学教育》2010年第3期 ]
A Comparison of the Respective University Ideas by Ortega and Hutchins Based on the Interpretation of Mission of the University and The Higher Learning in America
Yue Yuefeng Zhang Huijie
(Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China)
Abstract: Ortega Y. Gasset and Robert M. Hutchins shared similar views on university in their books Mission of the University and The Higher Learning in America, and yet they had quite different ideas about what is the mission of the university and how to accomplish it. Ortega emphasized “general culture” and took “the transmission of culture” as the prime concern of university, so as to set up the “essential system of ideas” of present time, whereas Hutchins insisted on “general education” and the establishment of “rational order” in modern universities. Both their ideas of university showed a tendency of conservatism, the features of uncertainty, and, to some extent, a lack of thoroughness. These ideas, however, are of special relevance to the universities of today.
Key Words: Ortega Y. Gasset; Robert M. Hutchins; University Ideas
Fudge also merits commendation as he displays great passion for his views and has compiled much information to bolster his case. Fudge's concern over the impact of Greek on the theology of hell deserves additional research. While his thesis concerning "eternal" seems unconvincing, his comments concerning "eternal sin" in Mark 3:29 also warrant further study. 阅读全文>>
Peterson then proposes ten texts that he believes teach eternal conscious punishment of the wicked: Isa 66:22-24; Dan 12:1-12; Matt 18:6-9; 25:31-46; Mark 9:42-48; 2 Thess 1:5-10; Jude 7, 13, Rev 14:9-11; and 20:10, 14-15. He quotes each passage, seeks to establish that it indeed speaks of the final destiny of the unsaved, places it in context, considers its teaching concerning the nature and duration of hell, and then interacts with annihilationist interpretations of it. Peterson maintains that the phrases "eternal punishment" and "eternal life" in Matt 25:41-46 are parallel and cannot be satisfactorily rendered "irreversible" or "pertaining to the age to come." He suggests that annihilation would be relief from punishment rather than retribution and that "eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels" matches the assertion that the devil will be "tormented day and night forever and ever" in Rev 20:10. Peterson concludes that human beings and the devil will be cast into the lake of fire, which entails being "tormented day and night forever and ever" (Rev 20:10-15). 阅读全文>>
In his response, Peterson asserts that Fudge's arguments seem quite impressive only initially: "In fact, when the sum is evaluated on the basis of its parts, the case is weak" (p. 84). He criticizes some techniques employed by Fudge, asserting that he occasionally refutes only a caricature of the traditional view. Peterson also maintains that Fudge sometimes argues from silence, uses Greek ostentatiously, and misrepresents endless punishment by charged language. 阅读全文>>
Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, Dec 2002
by Morgan, Christopher W
Two Views of Hell: A Biblical and Theological Dialogue. Edward William Fudge and Robert A. Peterson. Downers Grove: IVP, 2000, 228 pp.
As this new millennium emerges, the doctrine of hell has become an important and controversial topic in contemporary evangelicalism. The rising interest likely stems from the current debate among evangelicals over annihilationism (sometimes called "conditionalism"). Although belief in annihilationism has existed for centuries, the teaching of it through evangelical publications is fairly recent. In 1974, InterVarsity Press hesitantly published John Wenham's The Goodness of God, in which Wenham embraced annihilationism. That same year InterVarsity Press printed Stephen Travis's The Jesus Hope, in which he tentatively embraced conditionalism. Edward Fudge then wrote "Putting Hell in Its Place" for Christianity Today (6 August 1976), "The Final End of the Wicked" for JETS (September 1984), and his massive The Fire that Consumes (Houston: Providential Press, 1984), the most thorough defense of conditionalism written recently. In 1988, evangelical statesman John Stott admitted that he "tentatively" held to annihilationism (Evangelical Essentials, IVP). The issue quickly escalated. Philip Hughes resigned from Westminster Theological Seminary and advocated conditionalism in The True Image (Eerdmans, 1989). Well-known scholars such as Clark Pinnock, Michael Green, Earle Ellis, and Robert Brow have since followed suit. 阅读全文>>
Higher Education in Canada: Different System, Different Perspective
[加]格兰•琼斯 主编，林荣日 译，[加]潘乃容 校，福建教育出版社，2007.
文/樊小易，http://blog.ffruits.cn
2010年6月5日
本书由十几位作者合作写成，据主编格兰•琼斯教授称加拿大高等教育研究人员数量较少，该书是唯一一本从各行政辖区角度全面分析和论述加拿大高等教育的著作。具体内容涉及加拿大高等教育历史、组织结构、办学方式、政策环境等方面。全书十六章，第一章概述加拿大高等教育的现状和主要特点；第二章从联邦视角探讨了加拿大联邦政府对高等教育的影响方式和途径及其所处的“有责无权”的尴尬境地；从第三章到第十四章是本书的主体部分，分别论述加拿大各行政管辖区的高等教育演化历史、政党政治的影响、存在问题及其他独特性；第十五章则是汇总三至十四章的内容，对各行政辖区的高等教育特点作进一步的综合分析；第十六章是主编格兰•琼斯教授专门为中国读者写的有关加拿大高等教育的历史、特色和近况。 阅读全文>>
序：主要的問題和趨於一致的解決方法
1.在這裏（高等教育部門）我又看到一種趨同現象，各國高等教育系統面臨很多同樣的問題，所採取的解決方法，比各個系統原來的歷史起點彼此更加相似。由於只是變得更加普及，全世界所需要的技能更加相似，又由於人們的期望更加解放，高等教育系統傾向於變得更加相似。在擴展中的工業化和民主化的影響下，我們已經一個國家接著一個國家，逐漸遠離文化約束的高等教育系統，走向更加近於一致的學習化世界。 阅读全文>>
作者：Gerald F. Hawthorne，選自：《聖經神學辭典》(The Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology), Edited by Walter A. Elwell.
保羅的腓立比書並不是一篇神學論文；它其實是一封私人信件，內容主要是處理與保羅所愛的腓立比信徒有密切關係的一些問題（一7）。不過，由於保羅的心思意念完全被神、基督、聖靈、救恩、復活和將來的新天地等觀念所佔據，所以，即使這是他至為簡短的一封書信，仍難免充滿了神學思想。因此，不論是生命的任何方面，他總是從神、神在過往及現今的作為等角度來討論。 阅读全文>>
