樊小易 | enoch & yvonne

——基于对《大学的使命》和《美国高等教育》的解读

岳跃峰  张慧洁

摘要：对奥尔特加和赫钦斯著作的理解需要突破以往“条块化”的解读方式，尽量忠于原著内容及其论述逻辑。奥尔特加和赫钦斯对大学问题有类似的看法，但对何为大学的使命以及如何达成这种使命的主张有本质不同，前者力图恢复大学的文化活力，通过“文化传授”建立符合时代的“核心思想体系”，后者强调大学的理智特征，希望通过“普通教育”构筑共同的知识基础，重建大学的“理性秩序”。二者的大学思想均带有保守主义的倾向，并体现出一定程度的不确定性和不彻底性；对其比较分析将有助于更加准确把握各自重心及相互差异，同时为今日反思大学使命与大学改革等议题提供有益借鉴。

关键词：奥尔特加；赫钦斯；大学思想

[《现代大学教育》2010年第3期 ]

A Comparison of the Respective University Ideas by Ortega and Hutchins Based on the Interpretation of Mission of the University and The Higher Learning in America

Yue Yuefeng    Zhang Huijie
(Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China)

Abstract:  Ortega Y. Gasset and Robert M. Hutchins shared similar views on university in their books Mission of the University and The Higher Learning in America, and yet they had quite different ideas about what is the mission of the university and how to accomplish it. Ortega emphasized “general culture” and took “the transmission of culture” as the prime concern of university, so as to set up the “essential system of ideas” of present time, whereas Hutchins insisted on “general education” and the establishment of “rational order” in modern universities. Both their ideas of university showed a tendency of conservatism, the features of uncertainty, and, to some extent, a lack of thoroughness. These ideas, however, are of special relevance to the universities of today.

Key Words: Ortega Y. Gasset; Robert M. Hutchins; University Ideas

General Education In A Free Society︰ Report Of The Harvard Committee (1946)
自由社会中的通识教育（哈佛红皮书）：哈佛委员会报告（1946年）
 
1. Education in the United States 美国的教育
(1) The Problem
(2) Growth of the Schools
(3) The Impact of Scial Change
(4) Jeffersonianism and Jacksonianism
(5) The Search for Unity

2. Theory of General Education 通识教育的理论
(1) Heritage and Change
(2) Genaral and Special Education
(3) Areas of Knowledge
(4) Traits of Mind
(5) The Good Man and the Citizen

3. Problems of Diversity 多样性的问题
(1) Kinds of Difference
(2) Unity Conditioned by Difference
(3) Basic Plan for the Schools

4. Areas of General Education; The Secondary Schools 通识教育的领域；中等学校
(1) Mark Hopkins and the Log
(2) The Humanities
(3) The Social Studies
(4) Science and Mathematics
(5) Education and the Human Being

5. General Education in Harvard College 哈佛学院的通识教育
(1) Types of Collegiate Institutions
(2) General Education in Liberal Colleges
(3) The Present College
(4) Proposed Requirements in General Education
(5) Adiministration
(6) Proposed Courses in General Education
       (a) The Humanities
       (b) The Social Sciences
       (c) Science and Mathematics
(7) Tutorial and Advising
(8) Harvard as a University College

6. General Education in the Community 社区中的通识教育
(1) Distrations and Obstacles
(2) Adults as Learners
(3) New Media of Education

1.《大学的使命》Mission of the University[西班牙]奥尔特加·加塞特（Ortega Y.Gasset）著
2.《美国高等教育》The Higher Learning in America [美]罗伯特·M·赫钦斯（Robert M. Hutchins）著
3.《大学的理想》The Idea of A University [英]约翰·亨利·纽曼（John Henry Newman）著